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Front pages and table of contents Preface

Automotive applications

Aluminium foam for automotive applications
A. Fuganti, L. Lorenzi, A.G. Hanssen, M. Langseth Derivation of materials energy absorption requirements from crash situations
J.E. Siebels Manufacturing and testing of aluminium foam structural parts for passenger cars demonstrated by example of a rear intermediate panel
R. Kretz, E. Hombergsmeier, K. Eipper Application strategies for aluminium-foam-sandwich parts (AFS)
H.-W. Seeliger Aluminium foams for energy absorbing structures under axial loading
C. Haberling, H.G. Haldenwanger, T. Bernard, J. Burzer, H.W. Bergmann

Application and cost studies

Multifunctionality of cellular metal systems
A.G. Evans, J.W. Hutchinson Cost modelling for the fabrication of aluminium foam via powder metallurgical route
H. Kaufmann, B. Konrad, R. Kretz Cost estimation and the viability of metal foams
E. Maine, M.F. Ashby

Powder compact method

Industrialisation of P/M foaming process
F. Baumgärtner, H. Gers Foamed aluminium cores for aluminium castings
T. Höpler, F. Schörghuber, F. Simancík A novel melt-based route to aluminium foam production
V. Gergely, T.W. Clyne Numerical simulation of foam formation and evolution with modified cellular automata
C. Körner, R.F. Singer Foaming kinetics of aluminium alloys
I. Duarte, P. Weigand, J. Banhart Effect of foaming parameters on the pore size
F. Simancík, N. Mináriková, S. Culák, J. Kovácik Characteristics and handling of titanium hydride
R. Kresse Production technology for aluminium foam/steel sandwiches
J. Baumeister Tailored blanks based on foamable aluminium sandwich material
R. Braune, A. Otto

Foaming of liquids and casting

Aluminium foam "Alporas": the production process, properties and applications
T. Miyoshi, M. Itoh, S. Akiyama, A. Kitahara Aluminium foam produced by the melt foaming route - process, properties and applications
P. Åsholt Interfacial criteria for ceramic particle stabilised metallic foams
G. Kaptay Processing of cellular magnesium materials
Y.Yamada, K. Shimojima, Y. Sakaguchi, M. Mabuchi, M. Nakamura, T. Asahina, T. Mukai, H. Kanahashi, K. Higashi Investment cast near net shape components based on cellular metal materials
C. Hintz, I. Wagner, P.R. Sahm, P. Stoyanov Properties and applications of cast aluminium sponges
J. Banhart Preparation, structure control and acoustic properties of porous aluminium with open cells
F. Chen, D.P. He

Sintering methods

Porous metal structures made by sintering: processes and applications
P. Neumann Stainless steel hollow sphere foams - fabrication, carburization, and properties
J.L. Clark, K.M. Hurysz, K.J. Lee , J.K. Cochran, T.H. Sanders Fabrication and microstructure of metal-metal syntactic foams
J.H. Nadler, K.M. Hurysz, J.L. Clark, J.K. Cochran, K.J. Lee, T.H. Sanders Novel metallic hollow sphere structures: processing and properties
O. Andersen, U. Waag, L. Schneider, G. Stephani, B. Kieback Novel process for cellular materials with oriented structure
L. Tuchinskiy, R. Loutfy Preparation and characterisation of high porosity titanium-, stainless steel- and superalloy parts
M. Bram, C. Stiller, H.P. Buchkremer, D. Stöver, H. Bauer Pore formation during reactive sintering of iron-aluminium powder mixtures
M. Knüwer

Structure

On the non-destructive testing of metal foams
H.P. Degischer, A. Kottar Deformation heterogeneity in cellular Al alloys revealed by surface deformation analysis
A.-F. Bastawros, A.G. Evans Characterisation of cast and compressed foam structures by combined 2D-3D analysis
F. Grote, A.Schievenbusch Desktop X-ray microtomography for studies of metal foams
E. Cornelis, A. Kottar, A. Sasov , D. Van Dyck

Static Deformation

Reproducibility of aluminium foam properties
F. Simancík Deformation behaviour of aluminium foam under uniaxial compression (a case study)
B. Kriszt, B. Foroughi, K. Faure, H.P. Degischer Multi-axial yield of aluminium alloy foam
V. Deshpande, N.A. Fleck On the behaviour of aluminium foams under uniaxial and multiaxial loading
W. Ehlers, H. Müllerschön, O. Klar Mechanical behaviour of aluminium foams for various deformation paths. Experiment and modelling
Y. Chastel, E. Hudry, S. Forest, C. Peytour Failure mechanisms of aluminium foams under compressive loads
E. Saenz, A. Villate, I. Garuz, A.M. Irisarri, G. Rausch, M. Weber Modelling of the mechanical properties of metallic foams based on X-ray analysis
J. Burzer, T. Bernard, H.W. Bergmann, O. Damm Influence of micro - and meso-topological properties on the crash-worthiness of aluminium foams
T. Daxner, H.J. Boehm, F.G. Rammerstorfer On the mechanical properties of steel foams
C.-J. Yu, T.D. Claar, H.H. Eifert, M. Knüwer, M. Weber, J.C. Runkle Elastic properties of cellular metals processed by sintering mats of fibres
F. Delannay, T.W. Clyne FE simulation of metal foams based on the macroscopic approach of the theory of porous media
W. Ehlers, A. Droste Modelling of the aluminium foam properties according to percolation theory
J. Kovácik, F. Simancík

Behaviour of composite structures

Sandwich panel design using aluminium alloy foam
A.-M. Harte, N.A. Fleck, M.F. Ashby Aluminium foam filled steel tubes as composite shock absorbers
R. Gradinger, M. Seitzberger, F.G. Ramerstorfer, H.P. Degischer, M. Blaimschein, C. Walch Bending and bulging tests on steel sheet / aluminium foam sandwiches
H. von Hagen, W. Bleck Optimum design of metal foam in sandwich structures using genetic algorithm
J. Deocon, L. Salvo, P. Lemoine, D. Landru , Y. Bréchet, R. Leriche Microstructure and mechanical properties of cellular magnesium matrix composites
M. Hartmann, I. Crößmann, K. Reindel, R.F. Singer Bending crush behaviour of foam-filled sections
S. Santosa, J. Banhart, T. Wierzbicki

Dynamic loading, fatigue and fracture

Deformation energy absorption of metal foams at high strain rates
C.-J. Yu, T.D. Claar, H.H. Eifert, I.W. Hall, R.E. Franz, K.T. Leighton, D.F. Hasson Energy absorption of light-weight metallic foams under dynamic loading
T. Mukai, H. Kanahashi, K. Higashi, Y. Yamada, K. Shimojima, M. Mabuchi, T. Miyoshi, T.G. Nieh The effect of impact velocity on the deformation of layered metal foam/ceramic composites
A.E. Markaki, T.W. Clyne Fatigue of an aluminium alloy foam
O.B. Olurin, N.A. Fleck, M.F. Ashby Fatigue of aluminium foams at ultrasonic frequencies
B. Zettel, S. Stanzl-Tschegg Fatigue behaviour, strength and failure of aluminium foam
O. Schultz, A. des Ligneris, O. Haider, P. Starke Fracture toughness of honeycombs
I. Schmidt, N.A. Fleck

Thermal, acoustic and damping properties

Thermal transport and fire retardance properties of cellular metals
T.J. Lu, C. Chen A finite element model updating approach intended to simulate vibro-acoustic behaviour of Al-foam structure
A. Zopp, F.G. Kollmann Noise attenuation using aluminium foams
J. Kovácik, P. Tobolka, F. Simancík Acoustical investigation of sintered highly porous metal fibre structures as sound absorbers
F. Albracht, G. Lotze The damping performance of porous aluminium (PA) and porous aluminium-polymer composites (PAPCs)
D.P. He, F. Chen, L.Q. Ma Author index

Front pages and table of contents Preface

Aluminium foam sandwich (AFS) � ready for market introduction
H.-W. Seeliger Commercially available products made of PM aluminium foams � status and prospects
J. Baumeister, D. Lehmhus Cellular aluminium for passive crash protection
R. Jancek, A. Kottar, H.P. Degischer Experience in the use of metal foams and AFS on the field of railcars
K.-E. Geyer The chemical vapour deposition technique for Inco nickel foam production � manufacturing benifits and potential applications
V. Paserin, S. Marcuson, Jun Shu, D.S. Wilkinson Process stability in the serial production of aluminium foam panels and 3-dimensional parts
P. Sch�ffler, W. Rajner New design of light-weight armour sheets
J. Jerz, F. Simanč�k, M.Bortel, S.Kubo, J. Kov�čik Cellular structure for catalysts and filters
A. Leonov

Non-metallic foams

An introduction to cellular plastics: materials, applications and challenges
M. Cloitre Experiments on the stability of solid-particle-loaded aqueous foams
M. Meyer, D. Hille, G. Wallot

Metallic foams

PM aluminium foams: stabilising mechanisms and optimisation
M. Arnold, C. K�rner, R.F. Singer New experiments for influencing and observing the growth process of metallic foams
O. Brunke, S. Odenbach Control of gas bubble injection into liquid metals by electromagnetic forces
S. Eckert, G. Gerbeth Real-time X-ray radioscopy on metallic foams using a compact micro-focus source
F. Garc�a-Moreno, M. Fromme, J. Banhart The effect of TiH2 oxidation on gas release and foaming in compacted Al-TiH2 powder precursors
A.R. Kennedy, V.H. Lopez, S. Asavavisithchai Particle stabilised liquid-aluminium foams and the role of the oxide skin
N. Babcs�n, D. Leitlmeier, H.P. Degischer, H.J. Flankl An improved interfacial model of stabilisation of metallic foams by solid particles
G. Kaptay Investigation of early stages of metal foam formation by small-angle neutron scattering techniques
D. Bellmann, H. Clemens, B. Matijasevic, A. Heinemann, J. Banhart Microstructural development during the foaming of Al-TiH2 precursors produced by different compaction methods
S. Asavavisithchai, A.R. Kennedy A study of the viscosity and surface tension in molten Al and the effects of additional elements
S.-H. Park, B.-Y. Hur

Foaming of powder compacts

Technology of aluminium foam production using methods of powder metallurgy
S. Vatchiants, N. Manukyan Microstructural investigation during foaming of aluminium alloy pellets made from low cost powder
E. Proverbio, L. Bonaccorsi Influence of particle size and shape on the expansion behaviour of granulated foamable precursor material
J. Baumeister, K. St�bener The effect of ceramic particle additions on foam expansion and stability in compacted Al-TiH2 powder precursors
A.R. Kennedy, S. Asavavisithchai Evaluation of potential new matrix alloys for production of PM aluminium foams
D. Lehmhus Bulk foaming process for cellular metals starting from alloy sheets
K. Kitazono, E. Sato, K. Kuribayashi Zinc foams � new approach for reduced density
K. St�bener, M. Weigend, G. Rausch Heat distribution during metal foaming
H.-M. Helwig, J. Banhart Semi-solid proceesing of complex-shaped foamable material
J. Weise, H. Stanzick, J. Banhart Marble waste recovery as foaming agent for aluminium foams
L.E.G. Cambronero, C. Ranninger Development of aluminium castings with permanent aluminium foam cores
R. Kretz, E. Wolfsgruber Encasing of aluminium foam with magnesium by die casting
M. Brunnbauer, C. K�rner, R.F. Singer

Foaming of melts

Fabrication of lotus-type porous metals and physical properties...
H. Nakajima, T. Ikeda, S.K. Hyun Gasar - a new class of porous materials: synthesis, structure, properties and prospective application
V. Shapovalov, L. Boyko Magnesium integral foams
C. K�rner, M. Hirschmann, M. Lamm, R.F. Singer Cellular magnesium
Fr.-W. Bach, D. Bormann, P. Wilk

Sintering and other methods

Processing of titanium foams
D.C. Dunand Porous TiNi biomaterial poduced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis
J.S. Kim, J.H. Kang, S.B. Kang, K.S. Yoon, Y.S. Kwon Analysis and control of cell morphology of intermetallics foam synthesised by combustion reaction
M. Kobashi, N. Kanetake Production of metallic foams from ceramic foam precursors
A. Verdooren, H.M. Chan, J.L. Grenestedt, H.P. Harmer, H.S. Caram Near net shape fabrication of highly porous parts by powder metallurgy
M. Bram, A. Laptev, H.P. Buchkremer, D. St�ver Foam metal production process using water base binder and wax emulsion
T. Shimizu, K. Matsuzaki Fabrication of porous material with porosity gradient by pulsed electric current sintering method
Y.-S. Kwon, M.-J. Suk, J.-S. Kim, C.-G. Shin Synthesis of superalloy foams by a gas-phase alloying technique
H. Choe, D. Dunand Preparation and characterisation of cellular aluminium materials
C.E. Wen, M. Mabuchi, Y. Yamada, K. Shimojima, Y. Chino, H. Hosokawa, T. Asahina Laminar Ni-Ni_xAl-αAl₂O₃ foam material with high oxidation resistance
A. Leonov, A.Romashko Quality control of foam metals produced electrochemically
A. Leonov, A.Romashko

Characterisation of structures by tomography and image analysis

X-ray tomography applied to the characterization of metal foams
E. Maire, L. Salvo Characterisation of the 3-D structure and compressive deformation of metallic foams
S. A. McDonald, P. M. Mummery, G. Johnson Synchrotron tomography on zinc and aluminium foams
A. Rack, A. Haibel, B. Matijasevic, J. Banhart In-situ observation of tensile deformation of open-cell nickel foams by means of X-ray microtomography
T. Dillard, F. N�Guyen, S. Forest, Y. Bienvenu, J.-D.�Bartout, L.�Salvo, R.�Dendievel, E.�Maire, P. Cloetens, C. Lantu�joul Structure and deformation mechanisms of Ni foams evaluated by X-ray tomography
A. Fazekas, L. P. Lefebvre, M. Gauthier, R. Dendievel, L. Salvo The influence of cell-size distribution on the plateau stress in open-cell metal foams using X-ray tomography
Cs. K�d�r, P. Kenesei, E. Maire, G. Peix, Zs. Rajkovits, J. Lendvai Structure and mechanical properties of AFS sandwiches studied in compression tests by in-situ X-ray micro-tomography
L. Salvo, P. Belestin, T. Douillard, E. Maire, M. Jacquesson, C. Vecchionacci, E. Boller Structure/properties relationship for cellular materials - experimental and finite element modelling
S. Youssef, E. Maire, R. Gaertner, C. Gauthier Determination of pore size distribution and uniformity in closed cell metal foams from 2D image analysis
A.C. C�rcel, C. Ferrer Porosity constitution of porous Al alloys
D. Yang, D.P. He

Elastic properties

A comparison of discrete and Cosserat continuum analyses for cellular materials
C. Tekoglu, P. R. Onck Elastic anisotropy of textured aluminium sponges
L. Blanche, A. Wanner Anisotropic elastic constants of lotus-structured porous metals
M. Tane, T. Ichitsubo, H. Ogi, M. Hirao, T. Ikeda, H. Nakajima

Deformation

High temperature compressive deformation of Alporas (AlCaTi) foams
M. S. Aly, W. Bleck Compression behavior of hollow aluminum spheres
Y. Yamada, C. E. Wen, M. Mabuchi, K. Shimojima, Y. Chino, H. Hosokawa, T. Asahina Closed surface skin of IFAM foams in numerical simulation and verification with experimental results
A. G. Hanssen, M. Langseth, K.St�bener, G.Rausch Mesomechanical simulation of cellular aluminium
M. Wicklein, M. Sauer, A. Klomfass, S. Hiermaier, K. Thoma Tensile behaviour of replicated aluminium foams
J.-F. Despois, Y. Conde, C. San Marchi, A. Mortensen The collapse response of sandwich beams with aluminium face sheets and a metal foam core in three-point bending
V.L. Tagarielli, N.A. Fleck, V.S. Deshpande A statistic approach to estimate the compression strength of aluminium foams
U. Mosler, U. Martin, N. Losseva, H. Oettel Fracture of metal foams: in-situ testing and numerical modeling
P. R. Onck, R. van Merkerk,, J. Th. M. De Hosson, I. Schmidt The role of strain pattern formation in understanding scale effects in metal foams
P.R. Onck Design and properties of a sandwich beam with Al foam core
J. Shang, D.P. He Yield behaviour of metal foams in the elastic-plastic transition region
S. Str�hla, W. Winter, G. Kuhn Numerical investigation of local yielding in metallic foams
T. Daxner, H.J. B�hm, F.G. Rammerstorfer Grain size effects on the mechanical behaviour of open-cell nickel foams
V. Goussery, Y. Bienvenu, S. Forest, A.-F. Gourgues, C. Colin, J.-D. Bartout

Fracture, fatigue and energy absorption

Experimental investigation of notch strengthening in metallic foams in compression
A. Antoniou, A.-F. Bastawros Fatigue behaviour of metal foams: simulation and experiments
H.�Harders, J.�R�sler, K.�Hupfer The effects of crack closure, crack bridging and micro-cracking on the fatigue crack propagation in closed-cell aluminum foams
C. Motz, R. Pippan The energy absorbing efficiency of cellular metals under compressive loading
F. Chen, D.P. He Mechanical characterisation of aluminium foam made by powder compact technology: static and dynamic behaviour and FEM analysis evaluation
G.B. Broggiato, F. Campana, L. Peroni Ability of constructions from foamed aluminium to absorb different kinds of energy
V.I. Lebedev, V.I. Komov, D.A. Andreev Characterization and simulation of mechanical behaviour of aluminium foams
D.-Z. Sun, F. Andrieux, C.Haberling An experimental study of the deformation rate sensitivity of PM aluminium foams
H.Zhao, S. Abdennadher, J.Banhart

Sound absorption and thermal conductivity

Mechanical and sound absorption properties of closed cell Al foam by pot furnace method
S. Y. Kim, B. Y. Hur, K. C. Kwon, S. H. Cho, C. Y. Lim, Y. M. Yoo, M. H. Lee Properties of nickel foams having different pore size distributions and densities
L.P. Lefebvre, M. Gauthier, M.N. Bureau, M. Le Roux, R. Panneton, D. Pilon Application-related properties of sintered metallic fiber structures
O. Andersen, C. Kostmann, G. Stephani, G. Korb Noise reduction by open-pore aluminium foams
A. Berg, W. Maysenh�lder, M. Haesche Measurement and analysis of effective thermal conductivities of lotus-type porous copper
T. Ogushi, H. Chiba, H. Nakajima, T. Ikeda An experimental study on thermal conductivity of Al foams using the transient plane source method
J. A. Reglero, M.A. Rodr�guez-P�rez, D. Lehmhus , M. Wichmann, A. Fern�ndez , J.A. de Saja Characterization of thermal and electrical properties of aluminum foams
N. Babcs�n, Cs. K�d�r, N. Hegman, I. M�sz�ros, E. Maire

Coating

The new easyFoam-process and mechanical properties of foam-coating sandwiches
M. Maurer, L. Zhao, E. Lugscheider

Joining

Laser beam processing of aluminium foam sandwich
R. Klausecker, A. Otto, M. Geiger Laser-based joining of aluminium foam with solid structures
H. Haferkamp, A. Ostendorf, J. Bunte, D. Herzog Ultrasonic spot welding of sheet metals to aluminum foam sandwich
C. Born, H. Kuckert, G. Wagner, D. Eifler Melting of lotus-type porous copper in laser beam welding
T. Murakami, K. Nakata, T. Ikeda, H. Nakajima, M. Ushio

Forming

Processing of aluminium foam tailored blanks
S. D�rfler, A. Otto, M. Geiger High-temperature processing of aluminium foam
M.C. Hahn, A. Otto, M. Geiger

Recycling

Al-foam production scrap � source for recycling?
K. Jessen, B. Friedrich, G. Rombach Secondary recovery of aluminium from aluminium foams
A. von Schnaik, M.A. Reuter, P. van Nieuwkoop Author index